Since the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, newspapers have been full of stories about Russia’s military brass and political leaders. However, there has been very little attention paid to what life in Russia is like for ordinary citizens. This publication offers a much-needed evidence-based view of human rights under Putin.
East View Press is proud to present relevant data gathered by the Moscow-based nonprofit SOVA Center for Information and Analysis, which for over two decades has been reporting on the country’s legislation and law enforcement. As local Russian offices of advocacy groups such as Memorial, Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have been shuttered one after the other, this book emerges as a critical resource. Its publication has become even more urgent with the recent dissolution of the SOVA Center itself.
Compiled for the first time in book form, this collection spotlights SOVA’s research on Russia’s evolving anti-extremism laws. The statistics here show convincing evidence that, far from safeguarding citizens from hate crimes, this legislation harbors a not-so-hidden agenda: silencing dissent. A must-read for scholars of civil rights, post-Soviet politics, and international relations, this book also resonates with anyone interested in the development of nation-states and the strategies they deploy to retain their authority.
This evidence-driven volume by the SOVA Center provides an indispensable analysis of Russia’s regime evolution, dissecting its use of anti-extremism legislation in achieving repressive political goals. It explains how anti-extremist legislation and law enforcement operate in Russia, using extensive statistics that SOVA has gathered over years of monitoring.
Ivan Grek, PhD
Сo-Director at The Russia Program, The George Washington University
Foreword from the Publisher
Introduction
Infographics
Summary Statistics of Crimes and Punishments
– Types of Violence and Victims of Violent Hate Crimes
– Ideologically Motivated Attacks Against Property
– Guilty Verdicts for “Crimes of an Extremist Nature”
The Framework Law
Criminal Law
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
– Countering Extremism
– “Fight Against Nazism”
– Regulating the Internet
– “Foreign Agents” Legislation
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against Political Adversaries
– Attacks Against LGBT or Homeless People
– Violence Motivated by Religion
– Other Kinds of Right Radical Violence
Crimes Against Property
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against Political Adversaries
– Attacks Against LGBT or Homeless People
– Violence Motivated by Religion
Crimes Against Property
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against Ideological Opponents
– Attacks Against LGBT and Homeless People
– Violence Motivated by Religion
Crimes Against Property
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against Ideological Opponents
– Other Attacks
– Racism Among Soccer Fans
Crimes Against Property
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against Ideological Opponents
– Other Attacks
– Racism Among Soccer Fans
Crimes Against Property
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against LGBT People
– Attacks Against Ideological Opponents
– Other Attacks
Crimes Against Property
Systematic Racist and Neo-Nazi Violence
– Attacks Against Ethnic “Outsiders”
– Attacks Against LGBT People
– Attacks Against Ideological Opponents
– Other Attacks
Crimes Against Property
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– Prosecution of Members and Leaders of Ultra-Right Organizations
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Blocking of Online Resources and Internet Censorship
Abuse of Blocking
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
– The “Ukrainian Question”
– Other Cases of “Separatism”
– Abuse of Criminalization of Incitement to Hatred
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Blocking of Online Resources and Internet Censorship
Abuse of Blocking
– Selected Examples of Access Restrictions
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
– The “Ukrainian Question”
– Other Cases of “Separatism”
– For Incitement of Hatred Toward Public Officials
– The Fight Against “Justification of Terrorism”
– Other Abuse of Criminalization of Incitement to Hatred
– For Extremist Symbols
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Blocking of Online Resources and Internet Censorship
Abuse of Blocking
– Selected Examples of Access Restrictions
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
– The “Ukrainian Question”
– The Fight Against Nationalist Activists in Federation Regions
– For Calls to Extremist Activities and Incitement of Hatred Toward Public Officials
– Other Abuse of Criminalization of Incitement to Hatred
– For “Rehabilitation of Nazism”
– For Extremist Symbols
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Blocking of Online Resources and Internet Censorship
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
– For Incitement to Extremist Activities
– For Calls to Separatism
– For Incitement of Hatred Toward Public Officials and Other Anti-Government Statements
– The “Ukrainian Question”
– Other Abuse of Criminalization of Incitement to Hatred
– For Extremist Symbols
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Blocking of Online Resources and Internet Censorship
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
– For “Rehabilitation of Nazism”
– For Incitement to Extremist Activities
– For Other Anti-Government Statements
– For Anti-Government Group Initiatives
– Abuse of Criminalization of Incitement to Hatred
– For Extremist Symbols
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Blocking of Online Resources and Internet Censorship
Banning Organizations as Extremist
Criminal Prosecution
– For Violence
– For Crimes Against Property
– For Public Statements
– For Participation in Extremist and Banned Groups and Organizations
Inappropriate Prosecution of Political and Civic Activists
– For Calls to Extremist Activities and Incitement of Hatred
– For Incitement to Separatism
– For “Justification of Terrorism”
– For Other Anti-Government Statements
– For Anti-Government Group Initiatives
– For “Rehabilitation of Nazism”
– For Extremist Symbols
The Federal List of Extremist Materials
Epilogue
Index